Everything about The Salamanca totally explained
The Salamanca was the first commercially successful
steam locomotive, built in
1812 by
Matthew Murray of
Holbeck, for the
edge railed Middleton Railway between
Middleton and
Leeds.
The Salamanca was a
rack and pinion locomotive using
John Blenkinsop's patented design for rack propulsion. A single rack ran outside the
narrow gauge tracks and was engaged by a large
cog wheel on the left side of the locomotive. The cog wheel was driven by two cylinders embedded into the top of the centre-flue
boiler. The class was described as having two 8"x20" cylinders, driving the wheels through cranks. The piston crossheads worked in guides, rather than being controlled by parallel motion like the majority of early locomotives. The engines saw up to twenty years of service.
Four such locomotives were built for the railway.
Salamanca was destroyed six years later, when its boiler exploded. According to
Stephenson, giving evidence to a committee of
Parliament, the driver had tampered with the safety valve.
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